Ni iyihe nzira yo gukora imyenda mu ruganda rukora imyenda?

2. Intego n'ibisabwa mu igenzura ry'imyenda Ubwiza bw'imyenda ni igice cy'ingenzi mu kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa byarangiye.

Binyuze mu igenzura no kumenya imyenda yinjira, igipimo nyacyo cy’imyenda gishobora kunozwa neza. Igenzura ry’imyenda rikubiyemo ibintu bibiri: ubwiza bw’isura n’ubwiza bw’imbere. Igenzura ry’ingenzi ry’isura y’imyenda ni ukureba niba hari ibyangiritse, ibizinga, inenge zo kuboha, itandukaniro ry’amabara n’ibindi.

Igitambaro cyogejweho umucanga kigomba kandi kwitondera niba hari imiyoboro y'umucanga, imigozi yapfuye, imikaka n'ibindi bidafite ubusembwa byo koza umucanga. Inenge zigira ingaruka ku isura zigomba kugaragazwa mu igenzura no kwirindwa mu gihe cyo kudoda.

Ubwiza bw'imyenda ahanini burimo igipimo cyo gushonga, kwihuta kw'amabara n'uburemere bwa garama (m, ounces) mu bipimo bitatu. Mu gihe cyo kugenzura, ingero z'inganda zitandukanye, ubwoko butandukanye n'amabara atandukanye zigomba gucibwa kugira ngo zipimwe kugira ngo hamenyekane ukuri kw'amakuru.

Muri icyo gihe, ibikoresho by’inyongera byinjira mu ruganda nabyo bigomba kugeragezwa, nko kugabanuka kw’umugozi wa elastic, uburyo umugozi ufatana, uburyo zipper ikora neza, n’ibindi, hamwe n’ibikoresho by’inyongera bidashobora kuzuza ibisabwa ntibizakoreshwa.

3. Ibikubiye mu itegurwa rya tekiniki

Mbere yo gukora ibintu byinshi, abakozi ba tekiniki bagomba kubanza gukora imyiteguro ya tekiniki yo gukora ibintu byinshi. Imyiteguro ya tekiniki ikubiyemo ibintu bitatu: urupapuro rw'ibikorwa, icyitegererezo cyo gukora ibintu n'icyitegererezo cyo gukora imyenda. Imyiteguro ya tekiniki ni uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kwemeza ko umusaruro ugenda neza kandi ko umusaruro wa nyuma wujuje ibisabwa n'abakiriya.

ItsindaurugandaUrupapuro rw'imikorere ni inyandiko iyobora mu gutunganya imyenda, itanga ibisabwa birambuye ku bijyanye n'imiterere y'imyenda, kudoda, gutera ipasi, gupfunyika, nibindi, kandi ikanasobanura neza ibisobanuro nko gushyira hamwe ibikoresho by'imyenda n'ubucucike bw'imidozi. Buri gikorwa cyo gutunganya imyenda kigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa n'urupapuro rw'imikorere. Gukora icyitegererezo bisaba ingano nyayo n'imiterere yuzuye.
Imiterere y'ibice bireba yahujwe neza. Icyitegererezo kigomba gushyirwaho inomero y'imyambaro, ibice, ibisobanuro, icyerekezo cy'ingufuri za silk n'ibisabwa mu bwiza, kandi ikirango cy'icyitegererezo gishyirwa ahantu habigenewe ho gusobekeranya. Nyuma yo kurangiza urupapuro rw'ibikorwa n'imbonerahamwe, gukorwa kw'imyenda mito y'icyitegererezo bishobora gukorwa, ibitandukanye bishobora gukosorwa ku gihe hakurikijwe ibyo abakiriya bakeneye n'uburyo bikorwamo, kandi ingorane zo mu buryo bikorwa zishobora gukemurwa, kugira ngo imikorere y'amazi menshi ishobore gukorwa neza. Nyuma y'uko icyitegererezo cyemejwe kandi kigasinywa n'umukiriya, kiba kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bishingirwaho mu igenzura.
4. Ibisabwa mu buryo bwo guca

Mbere yo gukata, shushanya imiterere ukurikije icyitegererezo, kandi "yuzuye, ikwiye kandi ihendutse" ni ryo hame ry'ibanze ry'imiterere.
Ibisabwa by'ingenzi mu gikorwa cyo gukata ni ibi bikurikira:
● Kura ingano y'ibikoresho mu gihe utwara ibikoresho, witondere kwirinda inenge.
● Imyenda yasizwe irangi cyangwa yogejwe mu matsinda atandukanye igomba gucibwamo amatsinda kugira ngo hirindwe itandukaniro ry'amabara ku mwenda umwe. Ku mwenda hari itandukaniro ry'amabara kugira ngo habeho ihinduka ry'amabara.
● Mu gihe utunganya ibikoresho, witondere ubudodo bugororotse bw'umwenda kandi niba icyerekezo cy'umwenda gihuye n'ibisabwa mu buryo bukoreshwa. Ntugahindure imiterere y'umwenda wo mu gipande (nk'umwenda, umwenda, umwenda, n'ibindi), bitabaye ibyo bizagira ingaruka ku burebure bw'ibara ry'umwenda.
● Ku mwenda ufite imirongo, witondere uburyo imirongo ihagaze n'aho iherereye muri buri cyiciro mugihe ukurura ibikoresho kugira ngo urebe ko imirongo iri ku mwenda ihuye kandi ingana.
● Gukata bisaba gukata neza, imirongo igororotse kandi yoroshye. Ubwoko bw'aho batetse ntibugomba kuba bunini cyane, kandi urwego rwo hejuru n'urwo hasi rw'umwenda ntirugomba kuba rubogamye.
● Kata impande z'icyuma ukurikije ikimenyetso cyo guhuza icyitegererezo.
● Hagomba kwitonderwa ko bitazagira ingaruka ku isura y'umwenda mu gihe ukoresha ikimenyetso cy'umwobo w'inyuma. Nyuma yo gukata, ingano igomba kubarwa hanyuma hagasuzumwa agapfunyika, kandi imyenda igomba gukururwa no gushyirwa hamwe hakurikijwe ibisabwa ku myenda, kandi itike igomba gushyirwaho kugira ngo yerekane nimero yo kwishyura, igice cyayo n'ibisobanuro byayo.

6. Kudoda

Kudoda ni igikorwa cy'ingenzi mu gutunganya imyenda, kudoda imyenda hakurikijwe imiterere yayo, imiterere y'ubukorikori, bishobora kugabanywamo amoko abiri: kudoda hakoreshejwe imashini no kudoda intoki. Gushyira mu bikorwa imikorere y'imiyoboro mu kudoda.

Interlinear ikoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya imyenda, uruhare rwayo ni ukoroshya uburyo bwo kudoda, gutuma ireme ry'imyenda ringana, gukumira kwangirika no gucika iminkanyari, no kugira uruhare runaka mu kwerekana imyenda. Ubwoko bw'imyenda idafunze, ibikoresho bifunze, imyenda iboshye nk'imyenda y'ibanze, ikoreshwa ry'interlinear ifunze igomba gutoranywa hakurikijwe umwenda n'ibice byawo, no gusobanukirwa neza igihe, ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko wa concrete, kugira ngo haboneke umusaruro mwiza.

7. Igifunga cy'imfunguzo

Udufunguzo n'udupfunyika mu myenda akenshi bikoreshwa mu mashini, kandi utubuto tugabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri bitewe n'imiterere yatwo: utwobo duto n'utwobo duto, tuzwi cyane nka utwobo two gusinzira n'utwobo duto. Utwobo duto dukoreshwa cyane mu mashati, amajipo, amapantaro n'ibindi bikoresho by'imyenda mito. Utwobo duto dukoreshwa cyane ku myenda minini nk'amakoti n'amakoti.

Urufunguzo rw'imfunguzo rugomba kwitabwaho ku ngingo zikurikira:
● Aho umugozi w'amaboko uherereye niho hakwiriye.
● Niba ingano y'akabuto ihuye n'ingano n'ubugari bw'akabuto.
● Niba umwobo w'ubuto waciwe neza.
Imyenda irashya (irashya) cyangwa imyenda mito cyane, kugira ngo harebwe ikoreshwa ry'imyobo y'imfunguzo mu gice cy'imbere cy'imyenda ikomeza. Kudoda utubuto bigomba kuba bihuye n'aho utubuto duherereye, bitabaye ibyo bizatuma imyenda ihindagurika kandi igorame bitewe n'aho utubuto duhagaze nabi. Mu gihe cyo kudoda, hagomba kandi kwitabwaho niba ingano n'imbaraga by'umurongo wo kudoda bihagije kugira ngo utubuto tudagwa, kandi niba umubare w'imyenda idodwa ku myenda minini uhagije.

8. Rangiza gutera ipasi

Gutera ipasi Abantu bakunze gukoresha "kudoda ibintu bitatu no gutera ipasi ibintu birindwi" kugira ngo bahindure uburyo bwo gutera ipasi ni ingenzi mu gutunganya imyenda.

Irinde ibintu bikurikira:
● Ubushyuhe bwo gutera ipasi ni bwinshi cyane kandi igihe cyo gutera ipasi ni kirekire cyane, ibyo bikaba bitera aurora no gushya ku mwambaro.
● Udukoko duto n'ibindi bibazo byo gutera ipasi bisigara hejuru y'umwenda.
● Hari ibice bishyushye bibura.

9. Igenzura ry'imyenda

Igenzura ry'imyenda rigomba gukorwa mu gikorwa cyose cyo gukata, kudoda, kudoda imfunguzo, gutera ipasi n'ibindi. Mbere y'uko ipaki ishyirwa mu bubiko, hagomba kandi gukorwa igenzura ryimbitse ry'imyenda irangiye kugira ngo harebwe ko ireme ry'imyenda ari ryiza.

Ibikubiye mu igenzura ry’ubuziranenge bw’uruganda mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa ni ibi bikurikira:
● Niba imiterere ari imwe n'icyitegererezo cyo kwemeza.
● Niba ibisabwa ku ngano byujuje ibisabwa ku rupapuro rw'ibizamini n'imyenda y'icyitegererezo.
● Niba kudoda ari byo, niba kudoda ari ibintu bisanzwe kandi bisa.
● Reba niba igenzura rijyanye n'imyenda y'umwenda wagenzuwe ari ryo rikwiye.
● Niba ubudodo bw'umwenda ari bwo bwiza, niba hari inenge ku mwenda, ndetse niba hari amavuta.
● Niba hari ikibazo cy'itandukaniro ry'amabara mu mwenda umwe.
● Niba gutera ipasi ari byiza.
● Niba agace gafata neza gakomeye kandi niba hari gelatinization.
● Niba impera z'umugozi zaraciwe.
● Niba ibikoresho by'imyenda byuzuye.
● Niba ikimenyetso cy'ingano, ikimenyetso cyo kumesa n'ikirango cy'ubucuruzi ku myenda bihuye n'ibiri mu bicuruzwa, kandi niba aho byashyizwe ari heza.
● Niba imiterere rusange y'umwenda ari myiza.
● Niba ibyo gupakira byujuje ibisabwa.