Ibisobanuro by'imyenda itangiza ibidukikijeni nini cyane, ibi kandi biterwa n'uburyo imyenda ikoreshwa mu buryo burambuye. Muri rusange, imyenda irinda ibidukikije ishobora gufatwa nk'aho idafite karuboni nyinshi, izigama ingufu, idafite ibintu byangiza mu buryo karemano, izirinda ibidukikije kandi ishobora kongera gukoreshwa.
Imyenda itangiza ibidukikijeishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: imyenda irinda ibidukikije buri munsi n'imyenda irinda ibidukikije mu nganda.
Imyenda y’inganda irinda ibidukikije igizwe n’ibikoresho bidashingiye ku byuma bidafite umwimerere n’ibikoresho by’icyuma nka PVC, fibre ya polyester, fibre y’ibirahure, nibindi, bishobora kugira ingaruka zo kurengera ibidukikije, kuzigama ingufu no kongera gukoreshwa mu buryo nyabwo.
Ubwoko ki bwaimyenda ibereye ubuzima Hari?
1.igitambaro cya polyester cyasubiwemo
Umutambaro wa RPET ni ubwoko bushya bw'umutambaro wongeye gukoreshwa kandi utangiza ibidukikije. Izina ryawo ryuzuye ni Recycled PET Fabric (umutambaro wa polyester wongeye gukoreshwa). Ibikoresho byawo fatizo ni ubudodo bwa RPET bukozwe mu macupa ya PET yongerewe gukoreshwa binyuze mu igenzura ry’ubuziranenge, gukata, gukurura, gukonjesha no gukusanya. Uzwi cyane nka Coke bottle wa Coke. Umutambaro ushobora kongera gukoreshwa no kongera gukoreshwa, bishobora kuzigama ingufu, ikoreshwa ry'amavuta no kugabanya imyuka ya karuboni. Buri kilo cy'umutambaro wa RPET wongerewe gukoreshwa gishobora kuzigama BTU 61.000 z'ingufu, zingana na pound 21 za dioxyde de carbone. Nyuma yo gusiga irangi ku bidukikije, gusiga irangi ku bidukikije no gupima, uwo mwenda ushobora kandi kunyura mu isuzuma rya MTL, SGS, ITS n'andi mahame mpuzamahanga, harimo phthalates (6P), formaldehyde, lead (Pb), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Nonkifen n'ibindi bipimo byo kurengera ibidukikije byageze ku bipimo bigezweho byo kurengera ibidukikije by'i Burayi ndetse n'ibipimo bigezweho byo kurengera ibidukikije by'Abanyamerika.
Ipamba y’umwimerere ikorwa mu buhinzi hakoreshejwe ifumbire mvaruganda, kurwanya udukoko n’indwara mu buryo bw’ibinyabuzima, no gucunga ubuhinzi karemano. Ibikomoka ku binyabutabire ntibyemewe. Kuva ku mbuto kugeza ku bikomoka ku buhinzi, byose ni karemano kandi nta mwanda uhumanya. Kandi hamwe n’"Amahame Ngenderwaho y’Umutekano n’Ubwiza ku Bicuruzwa by’Ubuhinzi" yatangajwe n’ibihugu bitandukanye cyangwa WTO/FAO nk’igipimo cyo gupima, ingano y’ibintu byangiza n’ibyangiza nk’imiti yica udukoko, ibyuma biremereye, nitrate, ibinyabuzima byangiza (harimo udukoko, amagi y’udukoko, nibindi) mu ipamba igenzurwa mu rugero ntarengwa rwagenwe mu gipimo kiri muri iyo, hamwe n’ipamba yemewe.
3. ipamba y'amabara
Ipamba ry'amabara ni ubwoko bushya bw'ipamba aho insinga z'ipamba zifite amabara karemano. Ipamba ry'amabara karemano ni ubwoko bushya bw'imyenda ihingwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ry'ibinyabuzima, kandi insinga igira ibara karemano iyo ipamba ifunguwe. Ugereranyije n'ipamba isanzwe, yoroshye, irahumeka, irashya, kandi yoroshye kwambara, bityo yitwa kandi urwego rwo hejuru rw'ipamba ry'ibidukikije. Izwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga nka zero pollution (Zeropollution). Kubera ko ipamba y'umwimerere igomba kugumana imiterere yayo karemano mu gihe cyo gutera no kuboha, amarangi asanzwe yakozwe mu buryo bwa shimi ntashobora kuyisiga irangi. Gusiga irangi karemano gusa hamwe n'irangi ry'imboga karemano. Ipamba y'umwimerere irangi karemano ifite amabara menshi kandi ishobora guhaza ibyifuzo byinshi. Impuguke zihanura ko umukara n'icyatsi kibisi bizaba amabara akunzwe ku myenda mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 21. Igaragaza ibidukikije, ibidukikije, imyidagaduro, imideli. Uretse imyenda y'ipamba y'umukara n'icyatsi kibisi, ubwoko bw'imyenda y'ubururu, umuhengeri, imvi, umutuku n'indi ibara burimo guterwa imbere buhoro buhoro.
4. fibre y'umugano
Ibikoresho by'ibanze by'ubudodo bw'imigozi ya bamboo ni umugano, kandi ubudodo bw'ibanze bukorwa n'umugozi wa bamboo ni icyatsi kibisi. Igitambaro n'imyenda bikozwe n'ubudodo bw'ipamba bikozwe muri ubu bwoko bw'ibi bikoresho bifite imiterere igaragara itandukanye n'ubudodo bw'ipamba n'ubwoko bwa cellulose bwo mu bwoko bwa ipamba. Imiterere yihariye: irwanya kwangirika, ntishobora gushonga, ifata ubushuhe bwinshi kandi yumisha vuba, umwuka mwinshi unyuramo, irakomera cyane, yoroshye kandi irakomeye, yoroshye nk'ubudodo, ibihumyo, inyenzi na antibacterial, ikonje kandi yoroshye kwambara, kandi ifite ingaruka nziza zo kwita ku ruhu. Irangi ryiza cyane, irabagirana cyane, ingaruka nziza zo kurwanya antibacterial karemano no kurengera ibidukikije, ijyanye n'uburyo abantu ba none bakurikirana ubuzima bwiza n'ihumure.
Birumvikana ko imyenda ya fibre y'imigano ifite n'ingaruka mbi zimwe na zimwe. Iyi myenda y'ibimera ni mike ugereranyije n'indi myenda isanzwe, ifite igipimo cyo kwangirika kiri hejuru, kandi igipimo cyo kugabanuka kiragoye kuyigenzura. Kugira ngo utsinde izi nenge, fibre y'imigano ikunze kuvangwa n'indi myenda isanzwe. Kuvanga fibre y'imigano n'ubundi bwoko bw'imirongo mu gipimo runaka ntibishobora kugaragaza gusa imiterere y'indi myenda ahubwo binatanga imiterere yuzuye y'imirongo ya fibre y'imigano, bigatanga imiterere mishya ku myenda iboshye. Ubudodo bwiza buvanze n'ubuvanze (buvanze na Tencel, Modal, polyester ivanga ibyuya, polyester ya oxygen ion, fibre y'ibigori, ipamba, acrylic n'indi myenda mu bipimo bitandukanye) ni yo myenda ikunzwe cyane mu kuboha imyenda ijyanye neza. Mu buryo bugezweho, imyenda yo mu mpeshyi n'impeshyi ikozwe mu myenda ya fibre y'imigano irushaho kugira akamaro.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-18-2023
