Gucapa ecran bivuga ikoreshwa rya ecran nk'ishingiro ry'isahani, kandi binyuze mu buryo bwo gukora plaque ifata amashusho, bikorwa hakoreshejwe plaque ifata amashusho. Gucapa ecran bigizwe n'ibintu bitanu, plaque ifata amashusho, scraper, wino, ameza yo gucapa n'ubutaka. Gucapa ecran ni bumwe mu buryo bw'ingenzi bwo guhanga ubuhanzi.
1. Ni ikiicapiro rya ecran
Gucapa ku gishushanyo ni uburyo bwo kwimura igishushanyo cya stencil ku buso burambuye hakoreshejwe ecran, wino, na scraper. Imyenda n'impapuro ni byo bikunze gukoreshwa mu gucapa ku gishushanyo, ariko hakoreshejwe wino yihariye, birashoboka kandi gucapa ku mbaho, icyuma, pulasitiki ndetse no ku kirahuri. Uburyo bw'ibanze burimo gukora ibumba ku gishushanyo cyiza hanyuma ugashyiramo wino (cyangwa irangi, mu gihe cy'ibishushanyo n'amafoto) kugira ngo igishushanyo gicape ku buso buri hepfo.
Ubu buryo rimwe na rimwe bwitwa "gucapa ku ishusho" cyangwa "gucapa ku ishusho," nubwo uburyo nyabwo bwo gucapa buhora busa cyane, uburyo stencil ikorwamo bushobora gutandukana bitewe n'ibikoresho byakoreshejwe. Ubuhanga butandukanye burimo:
Shyiraho agace k'inkende cyangwa vinyl kugira ngo gatwikire agace wifuza k'ikirahure.
Koresha "icyuma gikingira ecran" nka kole cyangwa irangi kugira ngo usiga irangi ku gikoresho.
Kora stencil ukoresheje emulsion ifotora, hanyuma ukore stencil mu buryo busa n'ifoto (ushobora kumenya byinshi kuri ibi mu ntambwe ku yindi).
Imiterere ikozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gucapa ecran ishobora gukoresha wino imwe cyangwa nke gusa. Ku bintu bifite amabara menshi, buri bara rigomba gushyirwa mu cyiciro cyaryo n'icyitegererezo gitandukanye gikoreshwa kuri buri wino.
2. Kuki ukoresha uburyo bwo gucapa ecran
Imwe mu mpamvu zituma ikoranabuhanga ryo gucapa ku bicupa rikoreshwa cyane ni uko ritanga amabara meza ndetse no ku myenda yijimye. Wino cyangwa irangi nabyo biba biri mu byiciro byinshi ku buso bw'imyenda cyangwa impapuro, bityo bigaha igice cyacapwe imiterere ishimishije.
Iri koranabuhanga kandi rirakunzwe cyane kuko rituma abacapyi bashobora gukoporora ibishushanyo inshuro nyinshi. Kubera ko igishushanyo gishobora gukoporora inshuro nyinshi hakoreshejwe ibumba rimwe, ni ingirakamaro mu gukora kopi nyinshi z'umwenda umwe cyangwa ibikoresho bimwe. Iyo ikoreshwa n'umuhanga mu gucapa hakoreshejwe ibikoresho by'umwuga, birashoboka kandi gukora ibishushanyo mbonera by'amabara bigoye. Nubwo uburyo bugoye bwo gukora busobanura ko umubare w'amabara icapa rishobora gukoresha ari muto, rifite imbaraga zirenze izishobora kugerwaho hakoreshejwe icapiro rya elegitoroniki gusa.
Gucapa amashusho ku mashusho ni uburyo buzwi cyane mu bahanzi n'abashushanya bitewe n'ubushobozi bwabwo bwo gukora amabara meza n'amashusho asobanutse neza. Uretse Andy Warhol, abandi bahanzi bazwiho gukoresha amashusho ku mashusho barimo Robert Rauschenberg, Ben Shahn, Eduardo Paolozzi, Richard Hamilton, RB Kitaj, Henri Matisse na Richard Estes.
3. Intambwe zo gucapa ecran
Hari uburyo butandukanye bwo gucapa ku mashusho, ariko bwose bukoresha uburyo bumwe bw'ibanze. Uburyo bwo gucapa tuzaganiraho hepfo bukoresha emulsion yihariye ikora stencil kugira ngo ikore stencil zihariye; Kubera ko ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora stencil zigoye, akenshi ni bwo bwoko buzwi cyane bwo gucapa ku bucuruzi.
Intambwe ya 1: Igishushanyo mbonera cyarakozwe
Ubwa mbere, icyuma gicapa gifata igishushanyo bashaka gukora ku gicuruzwa cya nyuma, hanyuma kikagicapa ku gapapuro ka aside asetiki ibonerana. Ibi bizakoreshwa mu gukora ibumba.
Intambwe ya 2: Tegura ecran
Hanyuma, icyuma gicapa gihitamo ecran ifite mesh ijyanye n'imiterere y'igitambaro cyacapwe. Hanyuma ecran ishyirwamo emulsion ikora neza iyo ikozwe mu rumuri rwinshi.
Intambwe ya 3: Shyira amavuta yo kwisiga ahagaragara
Hanyuma urupapuro rwa acetate rufite iyi miterere rushyirwa ku ibara rya emulsion-coated, hanyuma ibicuruzwa byose bigashyirwa ku mucyo mwinshi cyane. Urumuri rutuma emulsion ikomera, bityo igice cy'ibara gitwikiriwe n'igishushanyo kigakomeza kuba amazi.
Niba igishushanyo cya nyuma kizaba kirimo amabara menshi, hagomba gukoreshwa ecran itandukanye kugira ngo hashyirweho buri cyiciro cya wino. Kugira ngo hakorwe ibicuruzwa bifite amabara menshi, umwanditsi w’imashini agomba gukoresha ubuhanga bwe mu gushushanya buri shusho no kuyihuza neza kugira ngo igishushanyo cya nyuma kibe gifite umugozi.
Intambwe ya 4: Karaba emulsion kugira ngo ukore stencil
Nyuma yo gushyira ecran mu mwanya runaka, ibice bya ecran bitaratwikiriwe n'igishushanyo mbonera birakomera. Hanyuma oza witonze amavuta yose adakomeye. Ibi bisiga ikimenyetso cy'igishushanyo mbonera kuri ecran kugira ngo wino inyuremo.
Hanyuma ecran yumishwa maze icyuma gicapa gikore ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ikimenyetso gisa n'icyanditseho imiterere y'umwimerere. Noneho ushobora gukoresha ifumbire.
Intambwe ya 5: Ikintu cyiteguye gucapwa
Hanyuma ecran ishyirwa ku gikoresho cyo gucapa. Ikintu cyangwa umwenda ugomba gucapa ushyirwa hasi ku isahani yo gucapa iri munsi ya ecran.
Hari imashini nyinshi zitandukanye zo gucapa, zaba iz'intoki n'izikoresha ikoranabuhanga, ariko imashini nyinshi zo gucapa zigezweho zikoresha imashini izunguruka yikora, kuko ibi bituma ecran nyinshi zitandukanye zikoreshwa icyarimwe. Ku icapiro ry'amabara, iyi mashini irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gushyira amabara ku byiciro bitandukanye mu buryo bwihuse.
Intambwe ya 6: Kanda wino unyuze kuri ecran kuri icyo kintu
Ecran imanuka ku kibaho cyacapwe. Shyira wino hejuru ya ecran hanyuma ukoreshe agakoresho gafata ibara kugira ngo ukure wino ku burebure bwose bwa ecran. Ibi bikanda wino hejuru y'agace kari ku gishushanyo, bityo bigashyiraho igishushanyo ku gicuruzwa kiri hepfo.
Niba icyuma gicapa kirimo gukora ibintu byinshi, shyira ecran hejuru hanyuma ushyire imyenda mishya ku isahani yo gucapa. Hanyuma ongera usubiremo.
Iyo ibintu byose bimaze gucapwa kandi icyitegererezo kikaba cyarageze ku ntego yacyo, umuti wihariye wo gusukura ushobora gukoreshwa mu gukuraho emulsion kugira ngo ecran ishobore kongera gukoreshwa mu gukora icyitegererezo gishya.
Intambwe ya 7: Kumisha ibicuruzwa, kubigenzura no kubirangiza
Hanyuma ibicuruzwa byacapwe binyuzwa mu cyuma cyumutsa, "gikiza" wino kandi kigatanga ubuso bworoshye kandi budashira. Mbere y'uko ibicuruzwa bya nyuma bihabwa nyirabyo mushya, birasuzumwa kandi bigasukurwa neza kugira ngo bikureho ibisigazwa byose.
4. Ibikoresho byo gucapa kuri ecran
Kugira ngo imashini zicapa zigaragare neza kandi zisobanutse neza, zigomba kugira ibikoresho bikwiye kugira ngo zirangize akazi. Aha, turaganira kuri buri gikoresho cyo gucapa, harimo n'uruhare bigira mu icapiro.
| imashini icapa ecran |
Nubwo bishoboka gucapa hakoreshejwe mesh mesh na squeegee gusa, imprimante nyinshi zikunda gukoresha imprimante kuko ituma zicapa ibintu byinshi neza. Ibi biterwa nuko imprimante ifata ecran hagati y’imprimante, bigatuma byoroha ku muntu uyikoresha guhindura impapuro cyangwa imyenda agomba gucapa.
Hari ubwoko butatu bw'imashini zicapa: imashini zikoresha intoki, imashini zikoresha intoki n'imashini zikoresha intoki. Imashini zicapa intoki zikoreshwa n'intoki, bivuze ko zikora akazi katoroshye. Imashini zicapa zigira imashini zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rito, ariko zikenera abantu kugira ngo zihererekanye ibintu byakaswe, mu gihe imashini zicapa zigira ikoranabuhanga ryikora kandi zidasaba abantu benshi kuzikoresha.
Ibigo bikenera imishinga myinshi yo gucapa akenshi bikoresha imashini zicapa zikoresha uburyo bwa semi-automatic cyangwa zose zikoresha uburyo bwa automatic kuko zishobora gucapa vuba, neza kandi nta makosa menshi. Ibigo bito cyangwa ibigo bikoresha uburyo bwa ecran printing nk'ikintu cyo kwishimisha bishobora gusanga imashini zicapa za mudasobwa (rimwe na rimwe zitwa "hand") zikoresha uburyo bwa "hand printer" zihuye neza n'ibyo bakeneye.
wino |
Wino, irangi cyangwa irangi binyuzwa mu ibara ry’urushundura bikinjira mu kintu kigomba gucapwa, bigashyira ibara ry’igishushanyo cya stencil ku gicuruzwa.
Guhitamo wino si uguhitamo ibara gusa, hari n'andi mahitamo menshi. Hari wino nyinshi z'umwuga zishobora gukoreshwa mu gutanga ingaruka zitandukanye ku gicuruzwa cyarangiye. Urugero, imashini zicapa zishobora gukoresha wino zigaragara, wino zidahinduka, cyangwa wino zipfundikiye (zikura zigakora ubuso buzamuka) kugira ngo zigaragaze isura yihariye. Imashini icapa izasuzuma kandi ubwoko bw'imyenda yo gucapa ecran, kuko wino zimwe zigira akamaro cyane ku bikoresho bimwe na bimwe kurusha izindi.
Mu gihe cyo gucapa imyenda, icyuma gicapa kizakoresha wino ishobora kumeswa n'imashini nyuma yo gushyushya no kuvurwa. Ibi bizatuma ibintu bidashira kandi byambarwa igihe kirekire bishobora kwambarwa kenshi.
| ecran |
Ecran mu icapiro rya ecran ni urufatiro rw'icyuma cyangwa igiti gitwikiriwe n'umwenda mwiza. Ubusanzwe, iyi mesh yakozwe mu budodo bwa silk, ariko muri iki gihe, yasimbuwe na fibre ya polyester, itanga imikorere imwe ku giciro gito. Ubunini n'umubare w'umugozi w'umugozi bishobora gutoranywa kugira ngo bijyane n'ubuso bugomba gucapwa cyangwa imiterere y'umwenda, kandi intera iri hagati y'imirongo ni nto, kugira ngo haboneke ibisobanuro birambuye mu icapiro.
Iyo ecran imaze gutwikirwa na emulsion no gushyirwa ahagaragara, ishobora gukoreshwa nk'icyitegererezo. Iyo inzira yo gucapa ecran irangiye, ishobora gusukurwa no kongera gukoreshwa.
| imashini yo gukurura |
Igikoresho cyo gukata ni igikoresho cyo gukata cya rubber gifatanye n'ikibaho cy'imbaho, icyuma cyangwa pulasitiki. Gikoreshwa mu gusunika wino mu gikoresho cyo gukata no ku buso bugomba gucapwa. Abacapa akenshi bahitamo igikoresho cyo gukata gisa n'igikoresho cyo gukata kuko gitanga uburyo bwiza bwo gutwikira.
Igikoresho gikomeye cyo gukata irangi gikwiriye cyane mu gucapa imiterere igoye ifite utuntu twinshi, kuko gituma impande zose n'icyuho cyose mu ibumba bikuramo wino mu buryo bungana. Mu gucapa imiterere idasobanutse neza cyangwa gucapa ku mwenda, akenshi hakoreshwa igikoresho cyoroshye kandi gitanga umusaruro mwinshi.
| Aho gusukura |
Udukingirizo tugomba gusukurwa nyuma yo gukoreshwa kugira ngo dukurweho uduce twose twa emulsion, bityo twongere dukoreshwe mu gucapa nyuma. Amwe mu macapiro manini ashobora gukoresha utubati tw’amazi cyangwa aside byihariye kugira ngo akureho emulsion, mu gihe andi akoresha gusa sinki cyangwa sinki n’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi kugira ngo yoze emulsion.
5. Ese wino yo gucapa ecran izashira?
Iyo umwenda wacapwe neza n'umuhanga wabihuguriwe akoresheje wino ikoreshwa mu gushyushya, imiterere yawo ntigomba kumeswa. Kugira ngo ibara ritazimira, icyuma gicapa kigomba kugenzura ko wino yashyizweho hakurikijwe amabwiriza y'uwakoze. Ubushyuhe n'igihe by'umuma biterwa n'ubwoko bwa wino n'imyenda yakoreshejwe, bityo amabwiriza agomba gukurikizwa niba icyuma gicapa kigiye gukora ikintu gishobora kumeswa igihe kirekire.
6. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yo gucapa ecran no gucapa kuri digitale?
Icapiro rya digitale riteguye kwambarwa (DTG) rikoresha imashini yabigenewe ikoresha imashini icapuza imyenda (nk'imashini icapuza ikoresheje inkjet) kugira ngo yohereze amashusho ku myenda. Bitandukanye no gucapa ecran kuko imashini icapuza ikoresha imashini icapuza imiterere yayo ku myenda. Kubera ko nta stencil ikoreshwa, amabara menshi ashobora gushyirwa icyarimwe, aho gukoresha amabara menshi mu rundi ruhande, bivuze ko ubu buryo bukunze gukoreshwa mu gucapa imiterere igoye cyangwa ifite amabara menshi.
Bitandukanye no gucapa ecran, gucapa kuri digitale nta kintu na kimwe bisaba, bivuze ko gucapa kuri digitale ari amahitamo meza cyane iyo ucapa imyenda mito cyangwa ibintu bimwe. Kandi kubera ko ikoresha amashusho ya mudasobwa aho gukoresha ibishushanyo mbonera, ni nziza cyane mu gukora amafoto cyangwa ibishushanyo birambuye. Ariko, kubera ko ibara ryacapishijwe hakoreshejwe utudomo tw'amabara yo mu bwoko bwa CMYK aho gukoresha wino y'amabara gusa, ntirishobora gutanga ubukana bw'amabara nk'ubwo gucapa ecran. Ntushobora kandi gukoresha imashini icapisha kuri digitale kugira ngo ukore ingaruka zijyanye n'imiterere.
Uruganda rw'imyenda rwa Siyinghongafite uburambe bw'imyaka 15 mu myenda, kandi afite uburambe bw'imyaka 15 mu nganda zicapa. Dushobora gutanga ubuyobozi bw'umwuga bwo gucapa ibirango ku bicuruzwa byawe by'inyongera/ibicuruzwa byinshi, kandi tukakugira inama yo gucapa neza kugira ngo ibishushanyo byawe by'inyongera/ibicuruzwa byinshi birusheho kuba byiza. Ushoboravugana natweako kanya!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-21-2023
