Ubushyuhe bukabije bwo mu mpeshyi bwarageze. Mbere y'uko iminsi itatu y'izuba itangira, ubushyuhe bwa hano bwarenze dogere selile 40 vuba aha. Igihe cyo kubira ibyuya wicaye kiragaruka! Uretse ibikoresho bikonjesha bishobora kongera igihe cyo kubaho, guhitamo imyenda ikwiye bishobora gutuma wumva umeze neza.
None se, ni ubuhe bwoko bw'umwendaimyendaEse ni zo zikonje cyane zo kwambara mu mpeshyi?
Ubwa mbere, reka dusobanukirwe ihame: Mu mpeshyi, umubiri w'umuntu ukunda kubira ibyuya. Ibyinshi mu byuya biva mu mubiri w'umuntu biva mu mwuka, bihanagurwa, kandi binyuzwa mu myenda ifatana. Muri rusange, ibyuya birenga 50% bihanagurwa cyangwa binyuzwa mu myenda ifatana. Kubwibyo, ibintu by'ingenzi bigize imyenda yo mu mpeshyi ni ukwinjira neza mu byuya, gusohora ibyuya no guhumeka neza, nibindi.
1.Imyenda ifite ingaruka nziza zo kunyurwa n'ibyuya
Mu bihe aho udashaka ibyuya, imyenda y'ipamba, imyenda y'ilino, imyenda y'ubudodo bwa mulberry cyangwa imyenda y'imigozi ni yo ikundwa. Hagati aho, imyenda y'ubukorikori ikozwe mu bikoresho karemano nka viscose, tencel na modal nayo ni amahitamo meza.
Imyenda ikozwe mu myenda itandukanye ifite ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ubushuhe butandukanye. Muri rusange, imyenda isanzwe ya fibre n'imyenda y'ubukorano ifite ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ubushuhe bwinshi. Kuyambara mu mpeshyi bishobora kwinjiza ibyuya neza, bigatuma umubiri wumuka kandi bigatuma wumva umeze neza.
Imyenda karemano n'iy'ubukorano yitwa imyenda ikunda amazi, mu gihe imyenda myinshi ikoze mu bukorikori ifite ubushobozi buke bwo kwinjiza amazi kandi ikaba imyenda ikunda amazi. Kubwibyo, iyo wambaye mu bihe bisanzwe aho umuntu adashonje, ni byiza guhitamo imyenda karemano nk'iy'ipamba, ubudodo bwa mulberry, n'ipamba mu myenda yo mu mpeshyi. Ukurikije uburyo imyenda irekura amazi, imyenda y'ipamba ntabwo ifite ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amazi gusa ahubwo inafite ubushobozi bwiza bwo kwinjiza amazi, kandi ituma ubushyuhe buhita. Ibi byose ni ibikoresho bikunzwe cyane ku myenda yo mu mpeshyi.
(1) Ipamba n'ibitambaroimyenda
Indi myenda karemano iboneka mu mpeshyi ni imyenda ya bamboo. Imyenda ikorwamo ifite imiterere yihariye itandukanye cyane n'imyenda ya cellulose ikozwe mu ipamba n'ibiti: ntiramba, ntifata ibinini, ifata amazi menshi, yumuka vuba, ihumeka neza, ifite imiterere yoroshye mu ntoki, kandi ifite isura nziza. Imyenda ya bamboo ikoreshwa mu mpeshyi no mu gihe cy'izuba ituma abantu bumva bakonje kandi bahumeka neza.
(2) Fibre y'umuganoumwenda
Indi myenda isanzwe yoroshye kwambara mu mpeshyi ni imyenda y’ubukorano nka viscose, modal na Lyocell. Imyenda y’ubukorano ikorwa muri polymer karemano (nk’ibiti, ipamba, amata, ubunyobwa, soya, nibindi) binyuze mu gutunganya ibintu bizunguruka. Itandukanye n’imyenda y’ubukorano. Ibikoresho by’ubukorano ahanini ni peteroli, amakara n’ibindi bikoresho fatizo, mu gihe ibikoresho by’ubukorano ari karemano. Uburyo bwo gukora imyenda y’ubukorano buragoye kandi bushobora kumvikana mu buryo bworoshye ku buryo bukurikira: viscose ni fibre y’imbaho yo mu bwoko bwa mbere, modal ni fibre y’imbaho yo mu bwoko bwa kabiri, na Lyocell ni fibre y’imbaho yo mu bwoko bwa gatatu. Modal ikorwa na Lenzing wo muri Otirishiya ikorwa mu biti bya beech bifite imyaka 10, mu gihe Lyocell ikorwa ahanini mu biti bya coniferous. Fibre ya lignin irimo iri hejuru gato ugereranyije n’iyo muri modal.
(3) Igitambaro cya modal
Modal ni fibre ya cellulose yavuguruwe, kandi ibikoresho byayo fatizo ni ibiti bya cypress bikozwe muri spruce na beech. Ibyinshi mu binyabutabire bikoreshwa mu gutunganya bishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Muri make nta mwanda ubaho mu gihe cyo gukora. Ishobora kubora mu buryo busanzwe kandi nta ngaruka mbi ku bidukikije no ku mubiri w'umuntu. Kubwibyo, yitwa fibre y'icyatsi kibisi kandi irinda ibidukikije.
(4) Igitambaro cya Lyocell
Lyocell kandi ni fibre ya cellulose yavuguruwe. Fibre ya Lyocell yitiriwe Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cy’Ubufatanye mu by’Ubushinwa kandi izwi nka fibre ya Lyocell. Iyitwa "Tencel" mu by’ukuri ni izina ry’ubucuruzi ry’imipira ya Lyocell ikorwa na Lenzing. Kubera ko iri ari izina ry’ubucuruzi ryanditswe na Lenzing, imipira ya Lyocell ikorwa na Lenzing ni yo yonyine ishobora kwitwa Tencel. Imyenda ya Lyocell ni yoroshye, ifite isura nziza kandi ihamye, kandi ikonje kandi yoroshye kwambara. Mu kumesa, ni ngombwa gukoresha isabune n’icyuma bitagira ingano ku bushyuhe buringaniye cyangwa buri hasi. Ariko, ibicuruzwa byanditseho "Tencel" cyangwa "Lyocell" ku isoko biratandukanye mu bwiza. Mu kugura, ni ngombwa kugenzura niba ibikoresho by’imyenda ari "fibre ya Lyocell 100%".
2. Imyenda ikwiriye siporo cyangwa imirimo
Mu gihe cyo gukora siporo ikomeye cyangwa imirimo ibyara umusaruro, imyenda ifite akamaro nko gukurura ubushuhe, gukurura ibyuya no kuma vuba ishobora gutoranywa.
Niba uri mu imyitozo ngororamubiri ikomeye, ni byiza guhitamo imyenda ifite inshingano nko gukurura ubushuhe, gukura ibyuya no kumisha vuba. Ibyuya bishobora kunyosha vuba imyenda nk'iyo no gukwirakwiza ibyuya hejuru no imbere mu mwenda binyuze mu mitsi. Uko agace k'ikwirakwizwa ry'imyanda kiyongera, ibyuya bishobora guhita bishira mu kirere kiyikikije, bigatuma igera ku ngaruka zo kunyaza, gukwirakwiza no guhumeka icyarimwe. Nta mpungenge zizabaho zo kumva imyenda ifatanye n'umubiri. Imyenda myinshi ya siporo ikora kuri iri hame.
Ndetse no ku myenda ikozwe mu myenda igabanya ubushuhe kandi yumisha vuba, hari ibisabwa bitandukanye mu bihe bitandukanye byo kwambara. Urugero, muri rusange nko kwiruka buhoro, kugenda vuba cyangwa gukora imirimo yoroheje y'ingufu, birakwiye kwambara imyenda mito yoroshye igabanya ubushuhe kandi igabanya ibyuya. Ariko, niba ubira ibyuya mu gihe ukora siporo wambaye imyenda ikozwe muri ubwo bwoko bw'imyenda kandi ntiyume ako kanya, uzumva ukonje nyuma yo guhagarika igikorwa. Kubera iyo mpamvu, imyenda "irinda ubushuhe mu cyerekezo kimwe" yaravutse.
Urwego rw'imbere rw'umwenda "uyobora ubushuhe mu cyerekezo kimwe" rukozwe mu migozi idafata ubushuhe neza ariko ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushuhe, mu gihe urwego rw'inyuma rugizwe n'imigozi ifata ubushuhe neza. Nyuma yo kubira ibyuya mu gihe cy'imyitozo ngororamubiri, ibyuya ntibinjira cyangwa ngo bikwirakwizwe (cyangwa ngo byinjire kandi bigakwirakwizwa gake gashoboka) mu ruhu rwegereye uruhu. Ahubwo, runyura muri urwo ruhu rw'imbere, rutuma urwego rwo hejuru rufite ubushuhe bwiza "rukurura" ibyuya, kandi ibyuya ntibizasubira mu ruhu rw'imbere. Rushobora gutuma uruhande ruhuye n'umubiri rwuma, kandi nta bukonje buzabaho ndetse no nyuma yo guhagarika imyitozo ngororamubiri. Ni kandi umwenda mwiza ushobora gutorwa mu mpeshyi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-08-2025
