Irangi no kurangiza inzira (1)

Guhitamo gusiga irangi no kurangiza bishingiye ahanini kubintu bitandukanye, ibisobanuro hamwe nibicuruzwa byarangiye bisabwa kumyenda, bishobora kugabanywa mbere yo kuvurwa,dyeing, gucapa, nyuma yo kurangiza nibindi.

Mbere yo kuvurwa

Fibre naturel zirimo umwanda, mugikorwa cyo gutunganya imyenda hanyuma ukongeramo ibishishwa, amavuta hamwe numwanda wanduye, kubaho kwimyanda, ntibibuza gusa iterambere ryiza ryo gusiga irangi no kurangiza gutunganya, ahubwo binagira ingaruka kumyambarire yimyenda.

Intego yo kubanza kuvura ni ugukoresha ibikorwa bya chimique nu mubiri kugirango bikureho umwanda ku mwenda, gukora umwenda wera, woroshye, kandi ufite uburyo bwiza bwo kuzuza ibisabwa kugirango ufate, kandi utange ibicuruzwa byujuje ibyangombwa byo gusiga irangi, gucapa no kurangiza.

Impamba: gutegura imyenda mbisi, kuririmba, gusuzugura, guteka, guhumanya, mercerizing. Polyester: gutegura imyenda, gutunganywa (alkali y'amazi, nibindi), kubanziriza, kubika, kugabanya alkali (alkali y'amazi, nibindi).

Kuririmba

Ubusanzwe, nyuma yo kwinjira mu ruganda rwo gucapa no gusiga irangi mu ruganda rukora imyenda, umwenda wijimye ugomba kubanza kugenzurwa, guhindurwa, gukaraba, gucapa no kudoda, hanyuma ukaririmbwa.

Impamvu:

(1) ku mwenda utaririmba cyane, uburebure butandukanye;

(2) urwego rwo kurangiza ni ruto, kwanduza byoroshye;

(3) mukurikirane zhongyi ubwoya bwo gusiga no kurangiza, gucapa no gusiga inenge.

Intego yo kuririmba:

(1) kunoza imyenda; Kunoza kurangiza;

(2) kunoza imiti irwanya (cyane cyane imyenda ya fibre chimique);

(3) kunoza uburyo, kuririmba birashobora gutuma imyenda iba crisp, yari amagufwa.

Gushushanya

Mubikorwa byo kuboha, igitambara gikorerwa impagarara nyinshi no guterana amagambo, byoroshye kumeneka. Kugirango ugabanye kumeneka, kunoza imikorere yububoshyi nubwiza bwimyenda yimyenda, birakenewe gupima ubunini bwintambara mbere yo kuboha. Fibre iri mu rudodo irafatana kandi igafatana hamwe, kandi igakora firime ikomeye cyane hejuru yintambara, bigatuma umugozi ufata neza kandi woroshye, bityo bikazamura imbaraga zo kumeneka no kwambara birwanya ubudodo.

Gutegura intego: Nyuma yo gupima, guswera byinjira muri fibre hanyuma igice kigahuza hejuru yintambara. Mugihe kunoza imikorere yintambara, ibishishwa byanduza irangi no kurangiza gutunganya amazi, bikabuza imikoranire yimiti hagati ya fibre hamwe n irangi nibikoresho bya chimique, kandi bikagorana gukora irangi no kurangiza gutunganya.

(1) Intangiriro kubintu bisanzwe bikoreshwa

Ibibyimba bisanzwe: ibinyamisogwe, ibinyomoro byo mu nyanja, amase, nibindi.

Ibikoresho bya krahisi:

The kubijyanye no kubora aside;

② kubijyanye na alkali ituje, kubyimba;

③ kubijyanye na okiside irashobora kubora;

④ na krahisi yangirika enzyme yangirika.

Imiti ya chimique: ibikomoka kuri selile nka hydroxymethylcellulose (CMC), inzoga za polyvinyl (PVA), aside polyacrylic, polyester, nibindi.

Imiterere ya PVA:

① ihamye kuri aside na base, viscosity ntabwo igabanuka;

② Yateshejwe agaciro na okiside.;

Byakoreshwa cyane, guhuza neza, nta kuvanga reaction

(2) Bikunze gukoreshwa uburyo bwo gusuzugura

1. Alkaline desizing

Bumwe mu buryo bukoreshwa cyane mu bimera byo gusiga amarangi murugo, ariko igipimo cyo kumanura ntabwo kiri hejuru, nibindi byanduye birashobora gukurwaho mugihe cyo kubishaka.

Mechanism: Gukoresha sodium hydroxide ya dilute yumuti, kuvura ibinyamisogwe munsi yibikorwa bya alkali kubyimba (cyangwa kubyimba), ntibibaho reaction ya chimique, kuburyo guswera kuva gel kugeza kuri sol, kugabanya imbaraga zihuza fibre nigituba, hanyuma ugakoresha imbaraga zo gukaraba hamwe nubukanishi kugirango ubikureho. Kuri PVA na polyacrylate slurries, irashobora gushonga sodium hydroxide mubisubizo byoroshye.

(krahisi) enzyme desizing

Enzymes nayo yitwa enzymes, biocatalysis.

Ibiranga: igipimo cyo hejuru cyane, ntabwo ari fibre yimvune, gusa kuri krahisi, ntishobora gukuraho umwanda.

Ibiranga: a. Gukora neza. b. Umwihariko: Enzyme irashobora guhagarika reaction imwe gusa cyangwa niyo reaction yihariye. c. Igikorwa kirebwa nubushyuhe nagaciro ka PH.

Kubinyamisogwe cyangwa ibinyamisogwe bivanze (ibinyamisogwe biriganje), amylase irashobora gukoreshwa mugusuzugura.

Acide desizing

Porogaramu yo murugo ntabwo ari myinshi, kuko ikoreshwa iroroshye kwangiza fibre, ihujwe nubundi buryo. Uburyo bwintambwe ebyiri bwakoreshejwe: alkali desizing - aside desizing. Acide desize irashobora gukora hydrolyze ya krahisi, ikuraho umunyu minerval nibindi, kandi bigahuzanya .。

Oxidation desizing

Oxidizing agent: NaBrO2 (sodium bromite) H2O2, Na2S2O8, (NH4) 2S2O8, nibindi.

Ihame: Igikoresho cya okiside irashobora okiside kandi igatesha agaciro ubwoko bwose bwikigina, uburemere bwa molekile hamwe nubukonje bwayo bigabanuka cyane, amazi yiyongera, kandi ibishishwa bikabuzwa gukomera kuri fibre, hanyuma hydrolyzate ikurwaho no gukaraba neza.

(1) Guteka

Intego yo guteka ni ugukuraho umwanda wa fibre no kunoza imitunganyirize yimyenda, cyane cyane wettability.

Umwanda karemano: Ku mwenda wuzuye w ipamba, cyane cyane fibre co-organisme cyangwa ibinyabuzima bifitanye isano, harimo ibishashara byamavuta, pectine, proteyine, ivu, pigment hamwe nigishishwa cyimbuto.

Umwanda wubukorikori: umwanda nkamavuta, imiti igabanya ubukana hamwe namavuta, ingese hamwe nibisigara bisigara byongewe mugutunganya no kuboha.

Iyi myanda igira ingaruka zikomeye kubutaka bwimyenda kandi bikabuza gusiga irangi no kurangiza umwenda, kandi bigomba gukurwaho muri sisitemu yo gushakisha hamwe na hydroxide ya sodium nkibyingenzi nibishobora kuba umufasha.

(2) Kuvomera

Nyuma yo guteka, ibyinshi mubintu bisanzwe nibihimbano kuriumwendazavanyweho, ariko kubitambara byahumanye kandi bifite ibara ryoroshye, birasabwa kandi. Nukuvanaho pigment, kunoza umweru nkintego nyamukuru yo gutunganya.

Fibre ya chimique ntabwo irimo pigment, nyuma yo guteka yabaye umweru cyane, kandi fibre fibre nyuma yo gusiga pigment iracyahari, umweru urakennye, bityo guhumeka cyane cyane kumwanda usanzwe kuri fibre.

(3) Bleach

Ubwoko bwa Oxidation: sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide na sodium chlorite, nibindi, bikoreshwa cyane muri fibre yimyenda hamwe nigitambara kivanze.

Kugabanuka: NaHSO3 nifu yubwishingizi, nibindi, bikoreshwa cyane mubitambaro bya fibre fibre.

(4) Sodium hypochlorite ihumanya:

Sodium hypochlorite ihumanya ikoreshwa cyane muguhumura imyenda ya pamba nigitambara kivanze, kandi rimwe na rimwe ikoreshwa no guhumura imyenda ya polyester ivanze. Ariko rero, ntishobora gukoreshwa muguhumanya fibre proteine ​​nka silk nu bwoya, kubera ko sodium hypochlorite igira ingaruka mbi kuri fibre proteine, kandi bigatuma fibre ihinduka umuhondo kandi ikangiza. Mubikorwa byo guhumeka, usibye gusenya pigment naturel, fibre yipamba ubwayo irashobora no kwangirika, kubwibyo rero, birakenewe kugenzura uburyo bwo guhumeka, kugirango ubwiza bwibigaragara hamwe nubwiza bwimbere bwujuje ibisabwa.

Sodium hypochlorite iroroshye kuyikora, igiciro gito, sodium hypochlorite yo guhumeka iroroshye, ibikoresho byoroshye, ariko kubera ko sodium hypochlorite ihumanya ari mbi mukurengera ibidukikije, bityo igasimburwa buhoro buhoro na hydrogen peroxide.

(5) Hydrogen peroxide yangiza H2O2:

Hydrogen peroxide, izwi kandi nka hydrogen peroxide, ifite formulaire ya H2O2. Guhumeka hydrogène peroxide bita ogisijeni. Ihinduka rya hydrogène peroxide yumuti irakennye cyane mubihe bya alkaline. Nkigisubizo, hydrogen peroxide yubucuruzi iba acide nkeya.

Imyenda yandujwe na hydrogen peroxide ifite umweru mwiza, ibara ryiza, kandi ntabwo byoroshye guhinduka umuhondo iyo ubitswe. Ikoreshwa cyane muguhumura imyenda. Guhumeka kwa Oxygene bifite uburyo bwo guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere kuruta chlorine, ariko hydrogen peroxide iruta igiciro cya sodium hypochlorite, kandi guhumeka umwuka wa ogisijeni bisaba ibikoresho by'ibyuma bitagira umwanda, gukoresha ingufu ni byinshi, ikiguzi kiri hejuru ya chlorine.

Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwo gufungura bugari bugari bukoreshwa cyane mu gucapa no gusiga amarangi. Ubu buryo bufite urwego rwo hejuru rwo gukomeza, gukoresha no gukora neza, uburyo bworoshye bwo gutembera kandi ntibutanga umwanda w’ibidukikije.

5. Mercerised (umwenda w'ipamba)

Imyenda munsi yimiterere runaka, hifashishijwe soda yibanze ya caustic, kandi ikagumana ubunini busabwa, irashobora kubona urumuri rworoshye, iyi nzira yitwa mercerisation.

(1) Intego ya mercerisation:

A.Gutezimbere uburabyo bwo hejuru no kumva umwenda, kubera kubyimba kwa fibre, gahunda ya fibre itondekanye, kandi kwerekana urumuri nibisanzwe, bityo bikazamura ububengerane.
B.Kongera igipimo cyamabara yo gusiga irangi nyuma yo guhuza irangizwa, zone fibre iragabanuka, agace ka amorphous kiyongera, kandi amarangi arashobora kwinjira muri fibre, igipimo cyamabara kuruta fibre ya pamba ya merceri yiyongereyeho 20%, kandi ubwiza bwateye imbere, icyarimwe byongera imbaraga zapfuye imbere.
C.Kuzamura ihame ryimiterere ya mercerizing yarangije gukora igishushanyo mbonera, irashobora gukuraho iminkanyari yumugozi, byinshi birashobora kuba byujuje ubuziranenge bwibisabwa byo gusiga irangi no gucapa ibicuruzwa nigice. Icy'ingenzi ni uko nyuma yo kwishyiriraho imbaraga, ihinduka ryimyenda yo kwagura imyenda ryahinduwe cyane, bityo bikagabanya cyane igipimo cyo kugabanuka kwimyenda.

6. Gutunganya, kubanza kugabanuka (umwenda wa fibre fibre)

Intego yo gutunganya mbere yo kugabanuka ni ugukuraho cyane cyane amavuta, ibishishwa hamwe nigitaka cyandujwe kumyenda (fibre) mugihe cyo kubika no gutwara, kandi mugihe kimwe, oligomers zimwe kuri fibre nazo zirashobora gushonga mugutunganya ubushyuhe bwinshi. Umwenda wijimye ugomba kubanza kugabanuka mbere yubunini bwa alkali, kandi inyongeramusaruro nka olein na soda ya caustic igomba kongerwamo cyane. Gutegura imyenda ya fibre chimique ikorwa mubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe nimashini isiga irangi ryinshi.

7. Kugabanya alkali (umwenda wa fibre fibre)

(1) Ihame n'ingaruka zo kugabanya alkali

Kugabanya kugabanya alkali ni inzira yo kuvura imyenda ya polyester mubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe na lye yaka cyane. Fibre ya polyester isukurwa kandi ikavunika na ester ihuza urunigi rwa molekile ya polyester hejuru ya fibre mumazi wa sodium hydroxide yumuti wamazi, hamwe nibicuruzwa bya hydrolysis bifite impamyabumenyi zitandukanye za polymerisiyoneri bikomeza kubaho, hanyuma amaherezo ya sodium terephthalate hamwe na Ethylene glycol. Ibikoresho byo kugabanya Alkali birimo cyane cyane imashini isiga irangi, imashini igabanya guhoraho, imashini igabanya rimwe na rimwe ubwoko butatu, usibye imashini yo gusiga irangi; Imashini zikomeza kandi zigenda zisimburana zirashobora gusubiramo lye isigaye. Kugirango hamenyekane neza imiterere yimiterere nubunini bwimyenda yumukara kubicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bigabanya alkali, birakenewe ko wongera inzira yagenwe, hanyuma ukinjira muburyo bwo gusiga irangi.