1. Kukiumwenda w'ipambaUrabyumva neza?
Imyenda y'ibirahure irangwa no gukorakoraho gukonje, ishobora kugabanya ibyuya, kwambara ipamba nziza mu minsi y'ubushyuhe, ibyuya bikubye inshuro 1.5 ibyuya by'imyenda y'ibirahure. Niba ufite imyenda y'ibirahure ukayipfunyika mu kiganza cyawe, uzasanga imyenda iri mu ntoki zawe ihora ikonje kandi idashyuha. Gerageza iy'ipamba. Izashyuha nyuma y'igihe gito.
Imyenda y'amatafariBirakonje kwambara mu mpeshyi kuko ari fibre karemano ikunda kumera neza kandi ikanamera neza.
Ikirungo ni ubwoko bw'ibyatsi, ikirungo gifite ubwoko bugera ku magana, inganda z'imyenda zikoresha ikirungo cya fibre, ikirere gikonje cyane, umurambararo w'inkoni ni muto cyane, uburebure busanzwe buri hagati ya metero 1 na 1.2, umurambararo w'inkoni ubusanzwe uri hagati ya cm 1 na 2.
Ifu y'ibitoki mu gihe cy'iminsi 30-40 ikura, buri kilo 1 cy'ifu y'ibitoki, kugira ngo itange ibiro 470 by'amazi, bityo ifu y'ibitoki ifite ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amazi mu buryo busanzwe kandi ikaba ishobora kuyatwara.
Munsi ya mikorosikopi ya elegitoroniki, fibre ya flax isa n'umugano udafite ubugari, iyi miterere y'umugozi wa flax, ifite ubuso bunini bwihariye, ku buryo fibre ya flax ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukurura no gukurura. Fibre ishobora gukurura amazi inshuro zigera kuri 20, fibre ishobora gukurura amazi angana na 20%, kandi igakomeza kumva yumye.
Kubera imiterere ikomeye y'amashuka y'ipamba cyangwa imyenda yo kuryamaho mu mpeshyi, kwambara imyenda y'ipamba cyangwa imyenda yo kuryamaho mu gihe cy'izuba bitera ikibazo cy'imitsi iyo ikoze ku ruhu, kandi ibyuya by'abantu n'umwuka w'amazi bikinjira vuba kandi bigatwarwa n'imigozi y'ipamba, bigatuma umubiri w'umuntu wumva ubushyuhe bugabanuka kandi uruhu rugakomeza kuma. Niyo mpamvu amashuka y'ipamba yumva akonje.
2.Kuki imyenda y'ibitambaro idafite amashanyarazi adahindagurika?
Filakisi, filakisi, filakisi n'izindi filakisi nta muriro w'amashanyarazi zikora. Ubushuhe busanzwe bwa filakisi (bushobora kumvikana nk'amazi ari mu filakisi) ni 12%, bungana na filakisi nyinshi mu migozi karemano y'ibimera. Iyo ihujwe n'imiterere y'ubuso bw'filakisi, ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kuyungurura, bityo ingano nziza n'imbi ya filakisi ntitanga amashanyarazi adakora.
Icyiza cyo kudakora amashanyarazi adahindagurika ni uko imyenda y'amata itazagera hafi kubera amashanyarazi adahindagurika, kandi ntibyoroshye kuyikuramo umukungugu n'utundi dukoko mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Kubwibyo, uretse imyenda, amata ni imyenda myiza cyane yo mu rugo, yaba iyo kuryama, amarido, cyangwa amakarito yo kuri sofa, ishobora kubikwa isuku igihe kirekire kandi ikagabanya inshuro zo kuyisukura. Mu myenda isanzwe, icy'ingenzi ni ugushyiramo 10% by'amata, bishobora gukumira amashanyarazi adahindagurika.
3. Kuki imyenda y'ibitambaro ari myiza mu kurinda imirasire ya UV?
(1) Fibre y'ifu, irimo hemicellulose ifata UV.
(2) Ubuso bw'umugozi w'ifu bufite umucyo karemano kandi bushobora kugaragaza urumuri runaka.
Inganda z'imyenda zikeneye selulosi mu migozi y'ibimera. Filakisi itandukanye n'ipamba, ari yo mbuto kandi igice cyayo cy'ingenzi ni selulosi, ifite umwanda muke.
Ku rundi ruhande, fibre y'ibihwagari ni fibre ikomoka ku giti cya fibre. Binyuze mu gutunganya ibintu bitandukanye, fibre y'ibihwagari ishobora kuboneka igice gito. Hegitari imwe (hegitari 100) y'ubutaka ishobora gutanga ibiro 6.000 by'ibikoresho fatizo bya fibre, nyuma yo gukubita hemp - ikimasa, ishobora gutanga ibiro 500 mu fibre ngufi, ibiro 300 mu fibre ngufi, fibre ndende y'ibihwagari ibiro 600.
Muri fibre ya flax, ingano ya selulose ni 70 kugeza 80% gusa, naho ingano isigaye ya gum (linolenin symbiosis) ni:
(1) Hemicellulose: 8% ~ 11%
(2) Lignin: 0.8%~7%
(3) Igitambaro cy'amavuta: 2% ~ 4%
(4) Pectin: 0.4% ~ 4.5%
(5) Ibintu birimo azote: 0.4% ~ 0.7%
(6) Ivu ririmo: 0.5% ~ 3%
Mu by’ukuri, ibintu byinshi biranga fibre ya flax, nko kumva nabi, kurinda imirasire ya UV, gutakaza umusatsi, biterwa n’ibi binini.
Fibre y'ururabo, irimo hemicellulose 8% ~ 11%, ibi bice bya hemicellulose biragoye cyane, bigizwe na xylose, mannose, galactose, arabinose, rhamnoose n'izindi copolymers, ubu inzira ntishobora gukurwaho burundu. Ariko kandi, kuba hemicellulose ari byo bitanga uburinzi bwiza bwa UV kuri flax.
4. Kuki ubwoko bumwe bw'ifu bumeze nk'ubugoryi, butoroshye kubusiga irangi?
Kubera ko flax irimo lignin. Lignin ni kimwe mu bigize urukuta rw'uturemangingo twa flax, iboneka cyane cyane mu tunyangingo twa xylem na phloem tw'igiti cya flax, kandi igira uruhare mu flax. Ifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ingaruka zimwe na zimwe za mekanike.
Lignin iri muri fibre ya flax ntishobora gukurwaho burundu nyuma yo gutunganywa, ingano ya lignin iri hagati ya 2.5% na 5% nyuma yo guterwa degum, naho ingano ya lignin iri hagati ya 2.88% nyuma yo gutunganywa mu budodo bwa flax busanzwe, kandi nibura flax nziza yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ishobora kugenzurwa muri 1%.
Flax lignin, hemicellulose, muri make, uretse ibice byose bigize cellulose, byose hamwe byitwa gum. Fibre za Flax, uretse gum ya lignin, zigira ingaruka ku buryo flax yumva.
Ni ukubera ko hariho lignin na gum, bityo imiterere ya flax iba ikomeye, iracikagurika, iri hejuru, ntiyoroshye kuyihindura, kandi iraryana.
Nanone kubera ko hari shim, ubuziranenge bwa fibre ya flax ni bwinshi, imiterere ya molekile irakomeye kandi ihamye, ntishobora kwangizwa n'inyongera zo gusiga irangi, bityo fibre ya flax ntiyoroshye kuyisiga irangi, kandi ibara ryihuse nyuma yo kuyisiga riba rike cyane. Niyo mpamvu imyenda myinshi ikorwa muri lin.
Niba ushaka gukoraumwenda w'ipambaGusiga irangi neza, ku ruhande rumwe ni ugukora uburyo bwiza bwo gukuramo irangi, nyuma yo gukuramo irangi ry’ibara ryiza inshuro ebyiri bizaba byiza kurushaho. Hanyuma gukoresha soda ikomeye, gusenya uburyo irangi ry’ibara ...
5. Kuki imyenda y'ibitambaro ihinduka iminkanyari byoroshye?
(1) Fibre ifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu neza ntabwo byoroshye kuyihindura no kuyihindura iminkanyari. Fibre z'inyamaswa, nka ipamba, Modal n'ubwoya, ni fibre ifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ihindagurika ry'imiterere y'umubiri kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ihindagurika ry'imiterere y'umubiri.
(2) Imyenda iboshywe ifite imiterere minini y'icyuho, kandi ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'impinduka burushaho gukomera.
Ariko iki kintu cya flax, imiterere y'umugabo ya "hollow bamboo" icyuma gigororotse, gifite na lignin n'izindi colloid, bityo fibre ya flax ntabwo irashya, nta guhangana na deformation igira. Igitambaro cya flax nacyo ahanini kirabohwa, kandi imiterere y'igitambaro ntigarura ubukana. Kubwibyo, gupfunyika kwa flax bingana no kumena agati gato, kadashobora kugarurwa.
Kubera ko imyenda y'ibitambaro ifite iminkanyari, mu by'ukuri, iyo wambaye imyenda y'ibitambaro, ntushobora gufata ingaruka z'ipamba, ubwoya, na silk nk'inyito.
Igomba gushushanywa no gukatwa hakurikijwe imiterere y'imyenda y'ipamba, muri filime z'imyambarire zo mu Burayi no muri Amerika, imyenda igaragara ahanini ishingiye ku myenda y'ipamba, ushobora kwita ku myambarire ukunda iyo urebye filime, imyenda myinshi y'ipamba iracyari myiza cyane.
Ubu hari n'imyenda yo mu bwoko bwa lin nziza cyane, nyuma yo gukuramo kabiri gumming, lignin na gum control mu bwoko buto, gutunganya fibre ya lin ikagera ku miterere ya fibre ya ipamba, hanyuma ipamba, ibumba n'ibindi bivanze mu myenda iboshye, iyi myenda yo mu bwoko bwa lin nziza cyane ikemura ikibazo cyo kubura iminkanyari ya lin, ariko ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa buracyari bike cyane, igiciro kirahenze kurusha cashmere na silk, umuriro ntabwo ari rusange, biteganijwe ko uzakundwa mu gihe kizaza.
6. Kuki bamwe mu bapfukamunwa basuka ibinure mu buryo bworoshye?
Kubera ko imigozi y'ifu iba migufi cyane. Imigozi y'ifu, iba nto kandi ndende gusa, ishobora kuzunguruka umurongo mwiza w'ubudodo bwinshi, imisatsi myinshi ikaba mike, kandi ntibyoroshye kuyitera.
Umugozi gakondo wa flax ukoresha uburyo bwo kuzunguruka butose, umugozi wa flax ucibwamo uburebure bwa mm 20, mu gihe ipamba, ubwoya, velvet n'ibindi muri rusange biba bifite mm 30, ugereranije n'umugozi wa flax ari mugufi cyane, biroroshye ko umusatsi ukorwa. Hariho kandi umugozi mugufi wa mm 16 muri flax, kandi kuyisiga ni ikintu gikomeye kurushaho.
Uko igikorwa kigenda gitera imbere, ubu hariho n'imyanda ya hemp y'ipamba (ipamba y'imbuto z'umuhondo), ndetse n'imyanda y'umuhondo. Uburyo bwa kabiri bwo gukuramo imyanda ya flax bukorwamo imyanda ya 30 ~ 40mm, iri hafi y'imiterere y'ipamba, ubwoya na cashmere, kandi ishobora kuvangwa no kubohwa. Bityo rero hari itandukaniro rinini mu bwiza n'itandukaniro rinini mu giciro hagati y'imyanda na flax.
7. Ese amavuta y'imbuto z'umukara aturuka muri flax?
Ntabwo ari ubwoko bumwe bwa flax, flax ni icyatsi, hari ubwoko amagana bwa flax, bugabanyijemo ibice hakurikijwe ikoreshwa:
(1) Ifuru y'ibitambaro by'imyenda: ikura mu gace gakonje cyane
(2) Igitunguru cya flax gikoreshwa mu mavuta: gikura mu turere dushyuha
(3) Amavuta na fibre flax: bihingwa mu turere dushyuha cyane no mu turere dushyuha cyane
Mu gihugu cyacu, fibre flax yitwa "flax", naho amavuta arimo amavuta na fibre yitwa "flax", imbuto za fibre zishobora gukora amavuta ya fibre, izwi kandi nka amavuta ya fibre. Fibre flax ku isi ni yo buso bwa kabiri ku isi bukora fibre, umusaruro wayo ni uwa kabiri nyuma ya Kanada, fibre ikura cyane cyane mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa, aho umusaruro wayo uri hejuru cyane muri Mongoliya y'imbere.
Imyenda ya fibre n'amavuta ni ibikoresho fatizo byo kuboha imyenda ya fibre, gukora imyenda ya lini n'ibitanda bya lini dukeneye. Muri byo, fibre flax iterwa mu karere kari munsi y'ubukonje, umusaruro n'ubwiza birarushaho kuba byiza, uturere duhingwamo cyane ni: Ubufaransa, Ubuholandi, Ububiligi, n'akarere ka Heilongjiang mu Bushinwa, umusaruro wa fibre flax muri utu duce, ugizwe na 10% by'umusaruro wose wa fibre ku isi. Kubwibyo, fibre ihingwa ku isi iracyakora amavuta cyane, kandi kurya ni ingenzi kuruta kwambara.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 26 Nzeri 2024
