1.Kubera ikiimyendaurumva utuje?
Imyenda irangwa no gukorakora neza, irashobora kugabanya ubwinshi bwo kubira ibyuya, iminsi ishyushye wambara ipamba nziza, ibyuya bikubye inshuro 1.5 iy'ubudodo. Niba ufite imyenda ikuzengurutse ukayizinga mu kiganza, uzasanga imyenda iri mu ntoki yawe ihora ikonje kandi idashyuha. Gerageza ipamba. Bizashyuha nyuma yigihe gito.
Imyendani byiza kwambara mu cyi kuko ni fibre naturel ya hygroscopique na hygroscopique.
Flax ni ubwoko bw'ibyatsi, ibimera bigera ku magana, inganda z’imyenda ni ugukoresha fibre fibre, imikurire y’ikirere cyikonje, diameter yinkoni ni ntoya yatewe, uburebure buri hagati ya metero 1 ~ 1,2, diameter yinkoni mubusanzwe iri hagati ya 1 ~ 2cm.
Flax muminsi 30-40 yikura ryikura, buri 1kg yo gukura kwa flax, kugirango itange 470 kg yamazi, so flax mubisanzwe ifite imbaraga zo kwinjiza amazi nubushobozi bwo gutwara amazi.
Munsi ya microscope ya electron, fibre fibre isa numugano wuzuye, iyi miterere yubusa ya fibre fibre, ifite ubuso bunini bwihariye, kuburyo fibre fibre ifite hygroscopique na hygroscopique. Flax irashobora gukurura inshuro zigera kuri 20 uburemere bwayo bwamazi, flax irashobora gukuramo 20% yuburemere bwayo bwamazi, kandi igakomeza kumva ibyumye.
Ni ukubera imiterere ikomeye ya hygroscopique na hygroscopique yimyenda yenda kwambara imyenda yigitambara cyangwa amabati yo kuryama mugihe cyizuba itanga capillary phenomenon iyo ihuye nuruhu, kandi ibyuya byabantu hamwe numwuka wamazi byinjira vuba kandi bigakorwa na fibre yimyenda, bigatuma umuntu umubiri wumve ubushyuhe bugabanutse kandi uruhu rugume rwumye. Niyo mpamvu flax yumva ikonje.
2.Kubera iki imyenda idafite amashanyarazi ahamye?
Flax, ikivuguto, flax nizindi fibre fibre ntamashanyarazi afite. Ubushuhe busanzwe bugarura flax (bushobora kumvikana gusa nkibiri mumazi muri fibre fibre) ni 12%, bikaba biri hejuru cyane mumibabi yibimera. Ufatanije nuburyo butagaragara bwa flax, ifite imitungo ikomeye ya hygroscopique, kubwibyo impagarike nziza kandi mbi ya fibre fibre ntabwo itanga amashanyarazi ahamye.
Ibyiza byo kudatanga amashanyarazi ahamye nuko imyenda yimyenda itazaba hafi kubera amashanyarazi ahamye, kandi ntibyoroshye kwinjiza umukungugu nizindi mikorobe mubuzima bwa buri munsi. Kubwibyo, usibye imyenda, imyenda nigitambara cyiza cyane cyo murugo, haba muburiri, ibitambara, cyangwa sofa, birashobora guhorana isuku igihe kirekire kandi bikagabanya inshuro zo gukora isuku. Mu myenda isanzwe, icyifuzo gikenewe gushyiramo imyenda 10%, ishobora guhagarika neza amashanyarazi ahamye.
3.Kubera iki imyenda ari nziza kurinda UV?
(1) Fibre fibre, irimo UV ikurura hemicellulose.
(2) Ubuso bwa fibre fibre ifite urumuri rusanzwe kandi rushobora kwerekana urumuri.
Inganda zimyenda zikenera selile mumibabi. Flax itandukanye nipamba, nimbuto kandi ibiyigize nyamukuru ni selile, hamwe numwanda muke.
Flax fibre, kurundi ruhande, ni fibre ya bast iva muruti rwa flax. Binyuze murukurikirane rwo gutunganya, fibre fibre irashobora kuboneka nigice gito. Hegitari (hegitari 100) yubutaka irashobora gutanga ibiro 6.000 byibikoresho fatizo bya flax, nyuma yo gukubita ikivuguto - ibimamara, birashobora gutanga ibiro 500 mumashanyarazi magufi, ibiro 300 muri flax ngufi, flax ndende fibre 600.
Muri fibre fibre, selile irimo 70 kugeza 80% gusa, naho amase asigaye (linolenin symbiose) ni:
(1) Hemicellulose: 8% ~ 11%
(2) Lignin: 0.8% ~ 7%
(3) Ibishashara bya Lipide: 2% ~ 4%
(4) Pectin: 0.4% ~ 4.5%
(5) Ibintu bya azote: 0.4% ~ 0.7%
(6) Ibirimo ivu: 0.5% ~ 3%
Mubyukuri, byinshi mubiranga fibre fibre, nko kumva bikabije, kurinda UV, guta umusatsi, biterwa niyi colloid.
Flax fibre, irimo 8% ~ 11% hemicellulose, ibyo bice bya hemicellulose biragoye cyane, bigizwe na xylose, mannose, galactose, arabinose, rhamnoose nabandi ba cololymers, ubu inzira ntishobora kuvaho burundu.Nyamara, nabwo burahari. ya hemicellulose itanga flax nziza kurinda UV.
4.Kubera iki flax yunvikana, yoroheje, kandi ntibyoroshye gusiga？
Kuberako flax irimo lignin. Lignin ni kimwe mu bigize urukuta rw'utugingo ngengabuzima twa flax, cyane cyane rubaho mu ngingo za xylem na floem tissue ya flax stem, kandi igira uruhare runini muri flax. Ubushobozi bwo guhangana ningaruka zimwe za mashini.
Lignin iri muri fibre fibre ntishobora gukurwaho burundu nyuma yo gutunganywa, ibirimo lignine bingana na 2,5% ~ 5% nyuma ya degum, naho lignin igera kuri 2.88% nyuma yo gutunganyirizwa mumyenda mibi ya flax, kandi byibuze byibuze byiza byo murwego rwohejuru irashobora kugenzurwa muri 1%.
Flax lignin, hemicellulose, muri make, hiyongereyeho ibice byose bigize selile, hamwe byitwa amase. Flax fibre, usibye lignin gum, nayo igira ingaruka kumyumvire ya flax.
Ni ukubera neza ko hariho lignine na gum, bityo rero kumva flax irakaze, iravunika, ugereranije hejuru, elastique idahwitse, no kwishongora.
Ni ukubera kandi kuba hari amase, flax fibre kristalline ni ndende, gahunda ya molekile irakomeye kandi ihamye, ntishobora gusenywa no kongeramo amarangi, bityo fibre fibre ntabwo yoroshye kuyisiga, kandi kwihuta kwamabara nyuma yo gusiga ni bibi cyane. . Niyo mpamvu imyenda myinshi ikozwe mu budodo.
Niba ushaka gukoraimyendagusiga irangi neza, kuruhande rumwe nugukora imiti myiza ya degumming, nyuma yo gusiga imyenda ibiri ya degumming nziza bizaba byiza. Noneho gukoresha soda yibanze ya caustic, gusenya kristalisiti ya flax, kristu ya flax kristaline 70%, nyuma yo kuvura alkali yibanze kugabanuka kugera kuri 50 ~ 60%, birashobora kandi kunoza ingaruka zo gusiga irangi. Muri make, niba uhuye nimyenda yimyenda yamabara meza, igomba kuba ibicuruzwa byo murwego rwohejuru, ubuziranenge, kandi igiciro ntikihendutse.
5.Kubera iki imyenda yimyenda yoroshye?
(1) Fibre ifite kwihangana neza ntabwo byoroshye guhinduka no kubyimba. Fibre yinyamanswa, nka pamba, Modal nubwoya, ni fibre fibre kandi ifite imbaraga zo guhinduka.
(2) Imyenda iboshywe ifite imiterere nini itandukanye, kandi kwihanganira guhindura ibintu birakomeye.
Ariko iki kintu flax, "hollow bamboo" ibyuma bigororotse byabagabo, nayo ifite lignin nizindi colloid, fibre fibre rero ntabwo yoroshye, ntigira imbaraga zo guhindura imikorere. Umwenda w'igitare nawo ubohewe cyane, kandi imiterere yimyenda ntisubiza inyuma. Gupfundikanya flax rero, bihwanye no kumena inkoni nto, idashobora kugarurwa.
Kubera ko imyenda ifite iminkanyari, mubyukuri, iyo wambaye imyenda yubudodo, ntushobora gufata ingaruka zipamba, ubwoya, ubudodo.
Igomba gushushanywa no gukata hamwe nibiranga imyenda, muri firime yimyambarire yuburayi n’abanyamerika, imyenda igaragara ahanini ishingiye ku mwenda, urashobora kwitondera uburyo ukunda iyo ubonye film, imyenda myinshi yimyenda iracyari myinshi cyane mwiza-mwiza.
Noneho hariho nubudodo bwiza bwo murwego rwohejuru, nyuma ya degumming ebyiri, lignin na gum igenzura murwego ruto, kuvura fibre yimyenda yegeranye nibiranga fibre, hanyuma ipamba, ifu nibindi bivangwa mubitambaro, imyenda yohejuru yohejuru cyane cyane ikemura ikibazo cyiminkanyari yubudodo, ariko ubu bwoko bwibicuruzwa buracyari bike cyane, igiciro gihenze kuruta cashmere na silk, ikigezweho ntabwo ari rusange, Biteganijwe ko kizamenyekana mugihe kizaza.
6.Kubera iki gukora ibinini bya flax no kumena byoroshye?
Kuberako fibre fibre ari ngufi cyane. Imyenda ya fibre, yoroheje kandi ndende, irashobora kuzunguruka umurongo mwiza wo kubara, umurongo mwinshi cyane, umusatsi muke, ntabwo byoroshye gusya.
Fibre gakondo ya flax ikoresha uburyo bwo kuzunguruka butose, fibre ya flax yaciwe muburebure bwa 20mm, mugihe ipamba, ubwoya, veleti nibindi nibindi bigera kuri 30mm, ugereranije na fibre fibre ni ngufi cyane, byoroshye umusatsi. Hariho na fibre ngufi ya 16mm muri fibre fibre, kandi ibinini birumvikana ko bikomeye.
Hamwe niterambere ryibikorwa, ubu hariho na fibre ya pamba ya pamba (ipamba yimyenda), kimwe na flax nziza. Uburyo bwa kabiri bwo gutesha agaciro fibre fibre itunganyirizwa muri fibre 30 ~ 40mm, yegeranye nibiranga ipamba, ubwoya na cashmere, kandi irashobora kuvangwa no kuboha. Hariho rero itandukaniro rinini mubyiza kandi itandukaniro rinini mubiciro hagati ya flax na flax.
7.Ese amavuta ya flaxseed ava muri flax?
Ntabwo ari ubwoko bumwe bwa flax, flax nicyatsi, hariho amoko yibihumbi ya flax, bigabanijwe no gukoresha:
(1) Imyenda ya fibre fibre: gukura muri zone ya subcold
(2) Flax y'amavuta: ikura muri tropike
(3) Amavuta na fibre flax: gukura muri zone yubushyuhe na subtropical
Mu gihugu cyacu, fibre fibre yitwa "flax", naho amavuta arimo amavuta na fibre yitwa "flax", imbuto ya flax irashobora gukora amavuta ya flax, izwi kandi nk'amavuta y'imbuto. Amavuta ya peteroli ku isi nigice cya kabiri kinini ku isi gitanga flax, umusaruro uva ku mwanya wa kabiri nyuma ya Kanada, flax ikura cyane mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba bw’Ubushinwa, hamwe n’umusaruro mwinshi muri Mongoliya.
Ubudodo bwa fibre hamwe nigitambara cyamavuta byombi nibikoresho fatizo byo kuboha imyenda, gukora imyenda yigitambara hamwe nigitanda cyo kuryama dukeneye. Muri byo, fibre fibre yatewe mu karere ka subfrigid, umusaruro n’ubuziranenge ni byiza, ahantu h’umusaruro w’ibanze ni: Ubufaransa, Ubuholandi, Ububiligi, n’akarere ka Heilongjiang mu Bushinwa, umusaruro w’imyenda y’imyenda muri utwo turere, bangana na 10 % yumusaruro rusange wisi yose. Kubwibyo, flax ikura kwisi iracyatanga cyane amavuta, kandi kurya nibyingenzi kuruta kwambara.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-26-2024
